Aquascapes start with substrate and hardscape. Substrate effects vary by product: some aqua soils supply nutrients or influence water chemistry, while other planted substrates are stable. Match fertilizer to plant type, light and product instructions.
A good aquascape is planned before water goes in. Substrate, stone and wood set the shape for years.
Substrate
| Type | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Active aquasoil | Some products supply nutrients or influence water chemistry | Effects and initial maintenance vary by product |
| Stable gravel or sand | A predictable base for a planted layout | Root-feeding plants may need a separate nutrient source |
| Capped substrate | A layer separates the planted base from the water | Rescaping can disturb the layers |
Use a substrate depth that supports the plant roots and hardscape without creating an unstable slope. Follow the substrate maker’s setup instructions.
Hardscape
- Rinse stones and wood; soak wood to reduce tannins.
- Check stones for effects on hardness and pH.
- Use the rule of thirds for focal points.
Nutrients and CO2
Root tabs place fertilizer in the substrate, while liquid fertilizers add nutrients to the water column. Choose by plant type and product label; see root tabs vs liquid fertilizer. Pressurized CO2 is one option for demanding planted layouts. Follow equipment instructions and monitor livestock when adjusting CO2.
Some products have specific effects on pH or initial water readings. For example, Seachem says Flourite does not alter pH, while ADA says Aqua Soil adjusts water toward a slightly acidic condition. Check the exact substrate’s instructions and test water during setup. Compare root tabs vs liquid fertilizer, then match light with the planted lighting guide. Browse aquascaping and care.
Related reading
Common questions
What substrate is best for planted tanks?
Compare the exact product ingredients and instructions. Root tabs can feed rooted plants, while liquid fertilizer adds nutrients through the water column.
Do I need CO2 for a planted tank?
Not for low-light plants. CO2 is needed for fast growth, carpeting plants and high light.
Will rocks change my aquarium water?
Some stones, such as limestone, raise hardness and pH. Test a stone with vinegar or watch your parameters.
What are good beginner aquarium plants?
Anubias, java fern, cryptocoryne, vallisneria and many mosses are hardy and low light.